Si Gendut Lucu: False Self-Love

Akhir-akhir ini di media sosial sering timbul tanda pagar self-love, body positivity, body love, untuk foto diri. Banyak akun yang tampak berat badannya berlebih. Kolom komentar atau balas di media sosial tersebut banyak yang mendukung si pemilik akun seraya mendorongnya untuk tetap percaya diri walaupun berat badan berlebih. Namun, tak jarang juga mengomentari hal yang sebaliknya. Jadi, bagaimana seharusnya menanggapi hal ini?

Berdasarkan data RISKESDAS 2018, sekitar 28% orang dewasa di Indonesia obesitas. Obesitas menurut WHO (2000) adalah penumpukan lemak akibat ketidakseimbangn asupan energi dengan energi yang digunakan dalam waktu yang lama. Obesitas diukur melalui perhitungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan membagi berat (kg) dengan kudrat tinggi badan (m). Dikatakan obesitas bila hasil IMT ? 25 kg/m² <!--[if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qjJTEyT6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(1)","plainCitation":"(1)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":268,"uris":["https://zotero.org/users/local/AOY6ZtVT/items/R3VKHTIP"],"itemData":{"id":268,"type":"document","title":"Kemenkes, 2018","URL":"https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/N2VaaXIxZGZwWFpEL1VlRFdQQ3ZRZz09/2018/02/FactSheet_Obesitas_Kit_Informasi_Obesitas.pdf","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(1)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->. 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There have also been significant advances in imaging modalities for characterizing body composition, including visceral adiposity. Studies that quantify fat depots, including ectopic fat, support excess visceral adiposity as an independent indicator of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modification and subsequent weight loss improve both metabolic syndrome and associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, clinical trials of medical weight loss have not demonstrated a reduction in coronary artery disease rates. In contrast, prospective studies comparing patients undergoing bariatric surgery with nonsurgical patients with obesity have shown reduced coronary artery disease risk with surgery. In this statement, we summarize the impact of obesity on the diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, especially sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. In particular, we examine the influence of obesity on noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease. Moreover, we review the impact of obesity on cardiac function and outcomes related to heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we describe the effects of lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions on outcomes related to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.","container-title":"Circulation","DOI":"10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973","issue":"21","note":"publisher: American Heart Association","page":"e984-e1010","source":"ahajournals.org (Atypon)","title":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","title-short":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"143","author":[{"family":"Powell-Wiley","given":"Tiffany M."},{"family":"Poirier","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Burke","given":"Lora E."},{"family":"Després","given":"Jean-Pierre"},{"family":"Gordon-Larsen","given":"Penny"},{"family":"Lavie","given":"Carl J."},{"family":"Lear","given":"Scott A."},{"family":"Ndumele","given":"Chiadi E."},{"family":"Neeland","given":"Ian J."},{"family":"Sanders","given":"Prashanthan"},{"family":"St-Onge","given":"Marie-Pierre"},{"family":"null","given":"null"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",5,25]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(2)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->. Kolesterol tinggi, hipertensi, gangguan siklus menstruasi, peningkatan resiko diabetes, stroke dan serangan jantung, pankreatitis, batu empedu, perlemakan hati, dan nyeri sendi kronis <!--[if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ic5ICGyS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(1)","plainCitation":"(1)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":268,"uris":["https://zotero.org/users/local/AOY6ZtVT/items/R3VKHTIP"],"itemData":{"id":268,"type":"document","title":"Kemenkes, 2018","URL":"https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/N2VaaXIxZGZwWFpEL1VlRFdQQ3ZRZz09/2018/02/FactSheet_Obesitas_Kit_Informasi_Obesitas.pdf","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(1)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->.

Tahun 1969 ketika banyak orang gemuk di Amerika Serikat diperlakukan secara tidak adil. Mereka membuat perkumpulan untuk menyuarakan ketidakadilan tersebut. Lama kelamaan perkumpulan tersebut makin besar dan merambah negara lain yaitu Inggris. Di media banyak aktivis menyuarakan bahwa industri diet merupakan penipuan, melakukan parade, dan protes di depan gym dengan slogan fatphobic. Tahun 2000an internet mulai merajalela dan gerakan ini mulai masuk ke dunia maya, membentuk forum dan diskusi. Tak jarang serangan cyberbully terjadi akibat kenanoniman di dunia maya. Gerakan tersebut bertambah besar dengan slogan dan tagar body positivity, body love, self-love dan lain-lain<!--[if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CTpbushu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(3)","plainCitation":"(3)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":266,"uris":["https://zotero.org/users/local/AOY6ZtVT/items/4ADHQ346"],"itemData":{"id":266,"type":"webpage","title":"The history of the body positivity movement - BBC Bitesize","URL":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2w7dp3","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(3)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->.

Obesitas sudah seharusnya dipandang sebagai sebuah penyakit Bukti-bukti buruknya efek obesitas seharusnya sudah cukup membuat penderitanya mencari pengobatan. Namun, hal ini tidak mudah dengan pengaruh internet yang besar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Body positivity berpotensi menjadi toxic positivity akibat dilema mengenai kampanye dari gerakan body positivity dan fakta medis. Jadi, sangat penting bagi kita untuk menyadari bahaya obesitas tanpa mengindahkan body positivity.

Penyebab obesitas merupakan multifactorial, mulai dari genetik, gaya hidup, asupan kalori tidak seimbang, stres, serta lingkungan. Maka dari itu, penatalaksanaannya pun menyasar faktor-faktor tersebut. Olahraga aerobic teratur 150 menit seminggu disertai pola makan dengan defisit kalori merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk menurunkan berat badan. Jika terdapat kesulitan dalam menurunkan berat badan, anda dapat menghubungi dokter untuk merencanakan penurunan berat badan. Karena, dengan penurunan berat badan 5-10?pat menurunkan resiko penyakit kardiovaskuler<!--[if supportFields]> ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"f3nVVUID","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(4)","plainCitation":"(4)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":269,"uris":["https://zotero.org/users/local/AOY6ZtVT/items/8EUMQPDM"],"itemData":{"id":269,"type":"webpage","abstract":"Extra body fat (obesity) can increase your risk factors for heart disease. People with an apple shape (abdominal obesity) have higher risk than with a pear shape.","container-title":"Cleveland Clinic","title":"Obesity and Heart Disease: What You Should Know","title-short":"Obesity and Heart Disease","URL":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17308-obesity--heart-disease","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,19]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} <![endif]-->(4)<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->.

Referensi:

Kemenkes, 2018 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 19]. Available from: https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/N2VaaXIxZGZwWFpEL1VlRFdQQ3ZRZz09/2018/02/FactSheet_Obesitas_Kit_Informasi_Obesitas.pdf

Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després JP, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 May 25;143(21):e984–1010.

The history of the body positivity movement - BBC Bitesize [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct 19]. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2w7dp3

Obesity and Heart Disease: What You Should Know [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic. [cited 2022 Oct 19]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17308-obesity--heart-disease<!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->

Sumber gambar: canva.com